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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
Description
The GM66500 series is 5.0A low-dropout linear voltage regulators that provide a low-voltage, high-current output with a minimum of external components. The GM66500 series offers extremely low dropout (typically 400mV at 5.0A) and low ground current (typically 70mA at 5.0A). The GM66500 series is ideal for PC add-in cards that need to convert from standard 3.0V to 2.5V and 2.5V to 1.8V, down to new, lower core voltages. A guaranteed maximum dropout voltage of 500mV over all operating conditions allows the GM66500 series to provide 2.5V from a supply as low as 3V. The GM66500 series also has fast transient response, for heavy switching applications. The device requires only 47F of output capacitance to maintain stability and achieve fast transient response. The GM66500 series is fully protected with overcurrent limiting, thermal shutdown, reversed-battery protection, reversed-lead insertion protection, and reversed-leakage protection. The GM66501 series offers a TTL-logic-compatible enable pin and an error flag that indicates undervoltage and overcurrent conditions. Offered in a fixed voltages, 1.8V and 2.5V, the GM66500 series comes in the TO-220 and TO-263 packages and is an ideal upgrade to older, NPNbased linear voltage regulators.
Features
5.0A minimum guaranteed output current 400mV dropout voltage Designed for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion Designed for 2.5V to 1.8V conversion 1% initial accuracy Low ground current Current limiting and Thermal shutdown Reversed-battery and reversed-lead insertion protection Reversed-leakage protection Fast transient response TO-220 and TO-263 packages TTL/CMOS compatible enable pin (GM66501 only) Error flag output (GM66501 only) Ceramic capacitor stable (See Application Information)
Application
Low Voltage Digital ICs LDO linear regulator for PC add-in cards High-efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Multimedia and PC processor supplies Low-voltage microcontrollers Strong ARMTM processor supply
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS
100kW
VIN 3.3V
VIN
VOUT
VOUT 2.5V
ENABLE SHUTDOWN
GM66501 - 2.5
VEN VIN GND FLG VOUT
ERROR FLAG OUTPUT
GM66500 - 2.5
GND VIN 3.3V
VOUT 2.5V
+
1.0F
+
47F
+
1.0F
+
47F
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GM66500 SERIES V0.2
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GM 431
Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (TOP VIEW)
TO-263-2 (D PAK)
2
TO-220
TO-220- 5
TO-263-5(D PAK)
2
GM66500
VVAYWW
GM66500
VVAYWW
GM66501
VVAYWW
GM66501
VVAYWW
VIN GND
VOUT VIN GND VOUT
EN VIN
FLG GND VOUT
EN VIN
FLG GND VOUT
Pinout On all devices, the Tab is grounded.
VV A Y WW
= Output Voltage (18=1.8V , 25=2.5V) = Assembly Location = Year = Weekly
GM66500/ Three Terminal Pin 1 = Input, 2 = Ground, 3 = Output GM66501/ Five Terminal (Fixed Voltage Devices) Pin 1 = Enable, 2 = Input, 3 = Ground, 4 = Output, 5 = Flag
ORDERING INFORMATION
ORDERING NUMBER OUTPUT VOLTAGE PACKAGE SHIPPING
GM66500
GM66500-1.8TA3T GM66500-1.8TA3R GM66500-1.8TB3T GM66500-2.5TA3T GM66500-2.5TA3R GM66500-2.5TB3T GM66500-3.3TA3T GM66500-3.3TA3R GM66500-3.3TB3T GM66500-5.0TA3T 1.8V 1.8V 1.8V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V 5.0V 5.0V 5.0V TO-263-2 TO-263-2 TO-220 TO-263-2 TO-263-2 TO-220 TO-263-2 TO-263-2 TO-220 TO-263-2 TO-263-2 TO-220 50 Units/ Tube 800 Units/ Tape & Reel 50 Units/ Tube 50 Units/ Tube 800 Units/ Tape & Reel 50 Units/ Tube 50 Units/ Tube 800 Units/ Tape & Reel 50 Units/ Tube 50 Units/ Tube 800 Units/ Tape & Reel 50 Units/ Tube
GM66500 SERIES
GM66500-5.0TA3R GM66500-5.0TB3T
GM66501
GM66501-1.8TA5T GM66501-1.8TA5R GM66501-1.8TB5T GM66501-2.5TA5T GM66501-2.5TA5R GM66501-2.5TB5T 1.8V 1.8V 1.8V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V TO-263-5 TO-263-5 TO-220-5 TO-263-5 TO-263-5 TO-220-5 50 Units/ Tube 800 Units/ Tape & Reel 50 Units/ Tube 50 Units/ Tube 800 Units/ Tape & Reel 50 Units/ Tube
* For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page.
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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN number GM66500 PIN Number GM66501
1 1 2, TAB 3 2 3, TAB 4 5
PIN Name
VEN VIN GND VOUT FLG
PIN Function
Enable (Input): TTL/CMOS compatible input. Logic high=enable; logic low or open=shutdown. Unregulated Input: +16V maximum supply. Ground: Ground pin and TAB are internally connected. Regulator Output. Error Flag (Output): Open collector output. Active low indicates an output fault condition.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter
Power Dissipation Input Supply Voltage (Note 1) Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec ) Storage Temperature Range EDS, Note 3
Symbol
PD VIN TLEAD TSTG
Value
Internally limited -20 to +20 260 -65 to +150
Unit
W V C C
OPERATING RATINGS
Parameter
Supply Voltage Enable Voltage Operating junction Temperature Range Thermal Resistance (TO-263-2 ,TO-220) Maximum Power Dissipation, Note 4
Symbol
VIN VEN TJ qJC
Value
+ 2.25 to +16 +16 -40 to +125 2.0
Unit
V V C C/W
IN O.V. ILimit 18V FLAG*
OUT
+ -
1.18V
Ref.
1.24V
+ -
EN* Thermal Shut-down
GND * GM66501 ONLY
GM66500 SERIES
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR TJ +125C; unless noted
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TJ = 25C, bold values indicate -40C
Parameter
Output Voltage
10mA IOUT
Conditions
IO = 10 mA
5A, VOUT + 1.0V
Min
-1 V IN 16V -2
Typ
Max
1 2
Unit
%
% % %
Line Regulation Load Regulation Output Voltage change with Temperature Coef. Note 5 Dropout Voltage Note 6
IOUT = 10mA,VOUT + 1.0V VIN 16V VIN = VOUT + 1.0V, 10mA IOUT 5A DVOUT / DT DVOUT = -2% (Note 3) IOUT = 250mA IOUT = 2.5A IOUT = 5A IOUT = 2.5A, VIN = VOUT + 0.8V IOUT = 5A, VIN = VOUT + 0.8V Charactize VIN VOUT(nominal) -0.5V, IOUT=10mA
0.06 0.20 20
0.5 1.0 100
ppm/C
125 320 400 15 70 2.1 7.5 260
250 575
mV
Ground Current Note 7 Ground Pin Current at Dropout IGNDDO Current Limit Output Noise Voltage
Enable Input (GM66501)
mA mA A
V (rms)
VOUT= 0V, VIN = VOUT + 1.0V (Note 4) COUT = 47F, lOUT = 100mA, 10Hz to 100kHz
Logic Low (off) Enable Input Voltage Logic high (on) VEN = VIN VEN = 0.8V Shutdown Output Current
Flag Output (GM66501) 2.25 30
0.8
V V
Enable Input Current
35 75 2 4
A A A
(Note 8)
10
Output Leakage Current Output Low Voltage Low Threshold High Threshold Hysteresis
VOH = 16V VIN = 2.25V, IOL= 250A (Note 9) 1% of VOUT 1% of VOUT
93
0.01 220
1 2 300 400
A mV %
99.2 1
% %
GM66500 SERIES
Note Note Note Note
1. Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handing precautions recommended. 4. P D(max) =(T J(max) -T A ) / q JA , where q JA depends upon the printed circuit layout. See "Applications Information".
Note 5. Output voltage temperature coefficient is DV OUT(worst case) / (TJ(max) - TJ(min) ) where T J(max) is +125C and T J(min) is -40C. Note 6. V DO =V IN -V OUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with V IN =V OUT +1V. For voltages below 2.25V, dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25V. Minimum input operating voltage is 2.25V. Note 7. I GND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT Note 8. V EN 0.8V, V IN 8V, and VOUT = 0V Note 9. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.25V(device is in dropout). Note 10.Design with proper heat sink to dissapate heat to keep chip from thermal protection when VIN -VOUT 0.6V
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Power Management
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
450 400 Dropout Voltage (mV) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 0 VOUT = 2.5V VOUT = 1.8V Dropout Voltage (mV)
600 VOUT = 1.8V 500 400 300 200 100 ILOAD = 5A 0 -40 -20 Output Voltage (V)
2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 1.8 1.6 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1.4 3.2 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.6 Input Voltage(V) 2.6 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.6 3.4 2 ILOAD = 2.5A ILOAD = 5A ILOAD = 100mA
VOUT = 2.5V
Temperature (C)
Output Current (mA)
Figure 1. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current
Figure 2. Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature
Figure 3. Dropout Characteristics
180 160 Ground Current (mA) Ground Current (mA) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Supply Voltage (V) ILOAD = 2.5A ILOAD = 2.0A ILOAD = 5A
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 2.5V Ground Current (mA) ILOAD = 10mA VIN = VOUT + 1V
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -40 -20 VOUT = 2.5V VOUT = 1.8V
ILOAD = 2.5A VIN = VOUT + 1V 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 4. Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage
Figure 5. Ground Current vs. Temperature
Figure 6. Ground Current vs. Temperature
80 70 Ground Current (mA) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -40 -20 0 ILOAD = 5A VIN = VOUT = 1V 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (C) VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 2.5V
10 9 Short Circuit Current (A) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -40 -20 0 VIN = VOUT + 1V 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (C) Typical 1.8V Device Flag Voltage(V) Typical 2.5V Device
6 5 4 3 2 1 Flag Low (Fault) 10000 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 100000 0 Flag High (OK)
Figure 7. Ground Current vs. Temperature
Figure 8. Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature
Resistance (k )
Figure 9. Error Flag Pull-up Resistor
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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
Calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet, where the ground current is taken from data sheet PD = (VIN - VOUT)IOUT + VIN IGND
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The GM66500 series is a high-performance lowdropout voltage regulator, suitable for moderate to high-current voltage regulator applications. Its 400mV dropout voltage at full load makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as a high-efficiency noise filter in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-toemitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation Voltage. The GM66500 series regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear, output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow.
The heat sink thermal resistance is determined by: TJ(MAX) - TA qSA = - (qJC + qCS ) PD where TJ(max) 2C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage, and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Super beta PNP regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Output Capacitor 125C and qCS is between 0C and
VIN
GM66500 - X.X
VIN VOUT
VOUT
GND
+
CIN
+
COUT
Figure 10. Capacitor Requirements
Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires four application-specific parameters: Maximum ambient temperature (TA) Output Current (IOUT) Output Voltage (VOUT) Input Voltage (VIN) Ground Current (IGND)
GM66500 SERIES
The GM66500 series requires an output capacitor to maintain stability and improve transient response. Proper capacitor selection is important to ensure proper operation. The GM66500 series output capacitor selection is dependent upon the ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the output capacitor to maintain stability. When the output capacitor is 47F or greater, the output capacitor should have less than 1W of ESR. This will improve transient response as well as promote stability. Ultra-low-ESR capacitors, such as ceramic chip capacitors may promote instability. These very low ESR levels may cause an oscillation and/or underdamped transient response. When larger capacitors are used, the ESR requirement approaches zero. A 100F ceramic capacitor can be used on the output while maintaining stability. A low-ESR 47F solid tantalum capacitor works extremely well and provides good transient response and stability over temperature. Aluminum electrolytics can also be used, as long as the ESR of the capacitor is 1W . The value of the output capacitor can be increased without limit. Higher capacitance values help to improve transient response, ripple rejection, and reduce output noise.
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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
Error Flag The GM66500 series version features an error flag circuit which monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. When the error flag is not used, it is best to leave it open. The flag pin can be tied directly to pin 4, the output pin. Enable Input The GM66500 series version features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws "zero" current. The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to 20V. When enabled, it draws approximately 15A.
Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1F or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk as supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small surface mount ceramic chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V and 2.5V to 1.8V Conversions The GM66500 series has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47F output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values improve performance even further. By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPNbased designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V, the NPN-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The GM66500 series regulator will provides excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.5V respectively. This gives the PNP-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. A typical NPN regulator does not have the headroom to do this conversion. Minimum Load Current The GM66500 series regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper regulation.
GM66500 SERIES
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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
TO-220 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
9.90 0.20 3.60 0.20 1.30 0.10 1.70 1.50 DP0.20 9.20 0.20 3.70 0.20 15.90 0.20 4.60 18.95 MAX 3 0.9 7.0 8.70 2.80 0.10 4.50 0.20 8.0 1.30 -0.05
+0.1
7.0
8.40 1.46 1.00 45 3.00
3
3
13.08 0.20
10.08 0.30
1.27 0.10
3-R0.2
2.54 TYP (2.54 0.20)
0.80 0.10 1.52 0.10
0.50 -0.05
+0.1
2.40 0.20
3
3
2 - R 0.3
Unit: mm
10.00 0.20
TO-220-5 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
9.97 0.20 9.90 0.20 3.60 0.20 1.30 0.10 1.70 1.50 DP0.20 3.70 0.20 4.60 15.90 0.20 3 7.0 0.20 28.78 MAX 9.20 0.20 3 3 8.70 2.80 0.10 4.50 0.20 8.0 0.20
+0.1 1.30 -0.05
7.0
GM66500 SERIES
9.20 0.20
8.40 1.2
13.08 0.20
3-R0.2
5-0.8 0.10
0.50 -0.05
+0.1
2.40 0.20
1.7(TYP) 3 3
2 - R 0.3
Unit: mm
10.00 0.20
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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
TO-263-2 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
9.90 0.20 0.40 15 1.20 3 1.50 DP0.20 9.20 0.20 4.50 0.20 1.30 -0.05
+0.1
Pad Layout
0.63 17.02 0.33 8.38 3 0.10 0.01 R0.30 2.40 0.20 2.54 0.10 0.50 -0.05 10.0 0.20 7.0 4.0 0.04 1.016
+0.1
0.12 3.05
15.3 0.20 3 1.4 0.20 4.90 0.20 0.90 0.10 1.27 0.10 2.54 TYP (2.54 0.20) 0.75 R0.30 2.00 0.10
0.42 10.66
0.24 6.096
0.40 3 R 0.3 R 0.45 7.2 9.20 0.20 3 0.90
(
Inches ) mm
10.00 0.20
4.90 0.20
Unit: mm
TO-263-5 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
9.90 0.40 15' 1.20 3 4.60 1.50 DP0.20 9.20
4.50 1.30
15.3 2.00 4.90 0.75 R0.30
0.10 3 17.5 9 3.8 1.7 11.5
1.20
2.40 R0.30 2.54 0.50
1.70 TYP (1.70 0.20)
0.80 0.40 1.75
10.0 8.0 7.0 4.40
1.07
3 R 0.3
3 0.90 R 0.45 7.2 9.20 15.30 10.00
Units: mm
4.90
Unit: mm
GM66500 SERIES
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Pad Layout
Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
ORDERING NUMBER
GM 66500/ 66501 1.8 TA3 T
Gamma Micro. Circuit Type Shipping R: Tape & Reel T: Tube Package TA3: TO-263 TB3: TO-220
Output Voltage 1.8: 1.8V 2.5: 2.5V 3.3: 3.3V 5.0: 5.0V
GM66500 SERIES
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Power Management
MICROELECTRONICS
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GM66500 SERIES
5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR
GM66500 SERIES
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